Tenses Workbook MANOHAR KGF

ಕಾಲಗಳ ಪುಸ್ತಕ
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Tenses Workbook — 12 Tenses Mastery

ಕಾಲಗಳ ಪುಸ್ತಕ — 12 ಕಾಲಗಳ ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ

A complete bilingual workbook — every tense explained with formulas, positive & negative statements, Yes/No questions, Wh-questions, question tags and Kannada verb endings.

ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಕಾಲವೂ ಸೂತ್ರ, ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ ಮತ್ತು ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳು, ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು, ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಕನ್ನಡ ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ವಿವರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.

18Lessons
12Tenses
60+Formulas
2Languages
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Part 1 · Basics
Lesson 1

Contractions — Short Forms

ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ರೂಪಗಳು
Contractions are shortened forms of words or phrases, used commonly in spoken English.
ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ರೂಪಗಳು ಪದ ಅಥವಾ ಪದಗುಚ್ಛಗಳ ಚಿಕ್ಕ ರೂಪಗಳಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಮಾತನಾಡುವ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
#Full FormShort Form#Full FormShort Form
1I amI'm23It hadIt'd
2I haveI've24It willIt'll
3I hadI'd25They areThey're
4I willI'll26They haveThey've
5We areWe're27They hadThey'd
6We haveWe've28They willThey'll
7We hadWe'd29is notisn't
8We willWe'll30are notaren't
9You areYou're31have nothaven't
10You haveYou've32had nothadn't
11You hadYou'd33do notdon't
12You willYou'll34does notdoesn't
13He isHe's35did notdidn't
14He hasHe's36can notcan't
15He hadHe'd37could notcouldn't
16He willHe'll38will notwon't
17She isShe's39would notwouldn't
18She hasShe's40should notshouldn't
19She hadShe'd41were notweren't
20She willShe'll42Who isWho's
21It isIt's43Who willWho'll
22It hasIt's44What isWhat's
Contractions are more common in speaking than in formal writing. ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ರೂಪಗಳು ಮಾತನಾಡುವಾಗ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬಳಕೆಯಾಗುತ್ತವೆ, ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಬರವಣಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ.
Lesson 2

Tenses Overview — 12 Tenses

ಕಾಲಗಳ ಪರಿಚಯ — 12 ಕಾಲಗಳು
There are 3 main tenses — Present, Past and Future. Each main tense is divided into 4 sub-tenses, making 12 tenses in total.
ಒಟ್ಟು 3 ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾಲಗಳು — ವರ್ತಮಾನ, ಭೂತ, ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾಲವೂ 4 ಉಪ-ಕಾಲಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಾಗಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಹೀಗೆ ಒಟ್ಟು 12 ಕಾಲಗಳು.
#Main TenseSimpleContinuousPerfectPerfect Continuous
1 Present Tenseವರ್ತಮಾನ ಕಾಲ Present Simpleಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ವರ್ತಮಾನ Present Continuousಮುಂದುವರಿದ ವರ್ತಮಾನ Present Perfectಪೂರ್ಣ ವರ್ತಮಾನ Present Perfect Continuousಪೂರ್ಣ-ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ವರ್ತಮಾನ
2 Past Tenseಭೂತ ಕಾಲ Past Simpleಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಭೂತ Past Continuousಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭೂತ Past Perfectಪೂರ್ಣ ಭೂತ Past Perfect Continuousಪೂರ್ಣ-ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭೂತ
3 Future Tenseಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ ಕಾಲ Future Simpleಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ Future Continuousಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ Future Perfectಪೂರ್ಣ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ Future Perfect Continuousಪೂರ್ಣ-ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್

Helping Verb Chart — ಸಹಾಯಕ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ

Main TenseSimpleContinuousPerfectPerfect Continuous
Present do / does am / is / are have / has have been / has been
Past did was / were had had been
Future shall / will shall be / will be shall have / will have shall have been / will have been
Lesson 3

Symbols & Abbreviations

ಸಂಕೇತಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಕ್ಷೇಪಗಳು
Some short forms used in this book:
ಈ ಪುಸ್ತಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುವ ಕೆಲವು ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ರೂಪಗಳು:
SymbolMeaningKannada
SSubjectಕರ್ತೃ
VVerbಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ
OObjectಕರ್ಮಪದ
H.VHelping Verbಸಹಾಯಕ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ
M.VMain Verbಮುಖ್ಯ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ
V1Present form of verbಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದದ ವರ್ತಮಾನ ರೂಪ
V2Past form of verbಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದದ ಭೂತಕಾಲ ರೂಪ
V3Past participle formಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದದ ಕರ್ಮಮುಗಿದ ರೂಪ
V4Plural form of verb (V1 + s/es)ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದದ ಬಹುವಚನ ರೂಪ
V5-ing form of verb (V1 + ing)ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದದ ಕಾರ್ಯಪರಗತಿ ರೂಪ
PPlaceಸ್ಥಳ
TTimeಸಮಯ
RReasonಕಾರಣ
V1 → base form (write) · V2 → past (wrote) · V3 → past participle (written) · V4 → V1 + s/es (writes) · V5 → V1 + ing (writing) V1 ಮೂಲ ರೂಪ · V2 ಭೂತ ರೂಪ · V3 ಕರ್ಮಮುಗಿದ ರೂಪ · V4 ಬಹುವಚನ ರೂಪ · V5 ಕಾರ್ಯಪರಗತಿ ರೂಪ.
Lesson 4

Wh-Question Words

Wh-ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಪದಗಳು
#WordPronunciationKannada
1Whatವಾಟ್ಏನು?
2Whenವೆನ್ಯಾವಾಗ?
3Whereವೇರ್ಎಲ್ಲಿ?
4Whyವಾಯ್ಏಕೆ?
5Whoಹೂಯಾರು?
6Whomಹೂಮ್ಯಾರಿಗೆ?
7Whoseಹೂಜ್ಯಾರದು?
8Whichವಿಚ್ಯಾವುದು?
9Howಹೌಹೇಗೆ?
10How manyಹೌ ಮನಿಎಷ್ಟು? (For countable)
11How muchಹೌ ಮಚ್ಎಷ್ಟು? (For uncountable)
12How longಹೌ ಲಾಂಗ್ಎಷ್ಟು ದೂರ / ಎಷ್ಟು ಸಮಯ?
Wh-words are used to form open-ended questions that cannot be answered with just "Yes" or "No". Wh-ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿ ರೂಪಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ "ಹೌದು" ಅಥವಾ "ಇಲ್ಲ" ಎಂದು ಉತ್ತರಿಸಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
Lesson 5

Pronouns

ಸರ್ವನಾಮಗಳು
Pronouns replace nouns. They change form based on their role in the sentence.
ಸರ್ವನಾಮಗಳು ನಾಮಪದಗಳ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಬರುತ್ತವೆ. ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಅವುಗಳ ಪಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ಅನುಸರಿಸಿ ರೂಪ ಬದಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Person Subjective Objective Possessive Adj. Possessive Nominal Reflexive
1st Singular I — ನಾನುMe — ನನ್ನನ್ನುMy — ನನ್ನMine — ನನ್ನದುMyself — ನಾನೇ
1st Plural We — ನಾವುUs — ನಮ್ಮನ್ನುOur — ನಮ್ಮOurs — ನಮ್ಮದುOurselves — ನಾವೇ
2nd Singular You — ನೀನುYou — ನಿನ್ನನ್ನುYour — ನಿನ್ನYours — ನಿನ್ನದುYourself — ನೀನೇ
2nd Plural You — ನೀವುYou — ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನುYour — ನಿಮ್ಮYours — ನಿಮ್ಮದುYourselves — ನೀವೇ
3rd Singular (M) He — ಅವನುHim — ಅವನನ್ನುHis — ಅವನHis — ಅವನದುHimself — ಅವನೇ
3rd Singular (F) She — ಅವಳುHer — ಅವಳನ್ನುHer — ಅವಳHers — ಅವಳದುHerself — ಅವಳೇ
3rd Singular (N) It — ಅದುIt — ಅದನ್ನುIts — ಅದರIts — ಅದರದುItself — ಅದೇ
3rd Plural They — ಅವರುThem — ಅವರನ್ನುTheir — ಅವರTheirs — ಅವರದುThemselves — ಅವರುಗಳೇ
Lesson 6

General Verbs — V1 to V5

ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳು — V1 ರಿಂದ V5
#MeaningV1V2V3V4V5
1ತಿನ್ನುeatateeateneatseating
2ಕುಡಿdrinkdrankdrunkdrinksdrinking
3ನೋಡುseesawseenseesseeing
4ಓಡುrunranrunrunsrunning
5ನಡೆwalkwalkedwalkedwalkswalking
6ಜಿಗಿjumpjumpedjumpedjumpsjumping
7ಕುಣಿdancedanceddanceddancesdancing
8ಹೋಗುgowentgonegoesgoing
9ಬಾcomecamecomecomescoming
10ಕೊಡುgivegavegivengivesgiving
11ಮಾಡುdodiddonedoesdoing
12ಬೀಳುfallfellfallenfallsfalling
13ಆಟವಾಡುplayplayedplayedplaysplaying
14ಒದೆkickkickedkickedkickskicking
15ಕತ್ತರಿಸುcutcutcutcutscutting
16ಬರೆwritewrotewrittenwriteswriting
17ಕುಳಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳುsitsatsatsitssitting
18ನಿಲ್ಲುstandstoodstoodstandsstanding
19ತೆರೆopenopenedopenedopensopening
20ಇಡುkeepkeptkeptkeepskeeping
Part 2 · Present Tenses
Lesson 7

Present Simple Tense

ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ವರ್ತಮಾನ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + V1 / V4 + O   |   −ve: S + do/does + not + V1 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + V1/V4 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + do/does + not + V1 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + V1 / V4 + ObjI write a letter. · He writes a letter.
Negative StatementSub + do/does + not + V1 + ObjI do not write a letter. · He does not write a letter.
Positive QuestionDo/Does + Sub + V1 + Obj?Do I write a letter? · Does he write a letter?
Negative QuestionDon't/Doesn't + Sub + V1 + Obj?Don't I write a letter? · Doesn't he write a letter?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + do/does + Sub + V1 + Obj?When do I write a letter? · When does he write a letter?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + don't/doesn't + Sub + V1 + Obj?When don't I write a letter? · When doesn't he write a letter?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: I write a letter. ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಪತ್ರ ಬರೆಯುತ್ತೇನೆ.
  • +ve: He writes a letter. ಅವನು ಒಂದು ಪತ್ರ ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ.
  • −ve: I do not write a letter. ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಪತ್ರ ಬರೆಯುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: He does not write a letter. ಅವನು ಒಂದು ಪತ್ರ ಬರೆಯುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Do I write a letter? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
  • +ve?: Does he write a letter? → Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
  • −ve?: Don't I write a letter? → No, I don't write a letter.
  • −ve?: Doesn't he write a letter? → No, he doesn't write a letter.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: When do I write a letter?
  • +ve?: When does he write a letter?
  • −ve?: When don't I write a letter?
  • −ve?: When doesn't he write a letter?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ತ್ತೇನೆನಾನು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತೇನೆ.
We−ತ್ತೇವೆನಾವು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತೇವೆ.
You (sing.)−ತ್ತಿನೀನು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿ.
You (pl.)−ತ್ತೀರಿನೀವು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತೀರಿ.
He−ತ್ತಾನೆಅವನು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ.
She−ತ್ತಾಳೆಅವಳು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಾಳೆ.
It−ತ್ತದೆಅದು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತದೆ.
They (m/f)−ತ್ತಾರೆಅವರು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ.
They (n)−ತ್ತವೆಅವುಗಳು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತವೆ.
We can add question tags to a statement to make it a question. Use a negative tag for a positive statement and a positive tag for a negative statement. ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ ವಾಕ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್, ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ ವಾಕ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್ ಬಳಸಿ.
  • He writes a letter, doesn't he?
  • He does not write a letter, does he?
Lesson 8

Present Continuous Tense

ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ವರ್ತಮಾನ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + am/is/are + V5 + O   |   −ve: S + am/is/are + not + V5 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + am/is/are + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + am/is/are + not + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + am/is/are + V5 + ObjI am working now. · He is working now. · We are working now.
Negative StatementSub + am/is/are + not + V5 + ObjI am not working now. · He is not working now. · We are not working now.
Positive QuestionAm/Is/Are + Sub + V5 + Obj?Am I working now? · Is he working now? · Are we working now?
Negative QuestionAm/Is/Are + Sub + not + V5 + Obj?Am I not working now? · Is he not working now? · Are we not working now?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + am/is/are + Sub + V5 + Obj?How am I working now? · Where is he working now?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + am/is/are + Sub + not + V5 + Obj?Why aren't we working now? · Why isn't he working now?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: I am working now. ನಾನು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
  • +ve: He is working now. ಅವನು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆ.
  • +ve: We are working now. ನಾವು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ.
  • −ve: I am not working now. ನಾನು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: He is not working now. ಅವನು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: We are not working now. ನಾವು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Am I working now? → Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
  • +ve?: Is he working now? → Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
  • +ve?: Are we working now? → Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.
  • −ve?: Am I not working now? → No, I am not working now.
  • −ve?: Is he not working now? → No, he is not working now.
  • −ve?: Are we not working now? → No, we are not working now.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: How am I working now?
  • −ve?: Why aren't we working now?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆನಾನು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
We−ತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆನಾವು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ.
You (sing.)−ತ್ತಿದ್ದೀಯನೀನು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀಯ.
You (pl.)−ತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿನೀವು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ.
He−ತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆಅವನು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆ.
She−ತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆಅವಳು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆ.
It−ತ್ತಿದೆಅದು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ.
They (m/f)−ತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆಅವರು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
They (n)−ತ್ತಿವೆಅವುಗಳು ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿವೆ.
Question tags: He is working now, isn't he? · We are not working, are we? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ಅವನು ಈಗ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆ, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ನಾವು ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 9

Present Perfect Tense

ಪೂರ್ಣ ವರ್ತಮಾನ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + have/has + V3 + O   |   −ve: S + have/has + not + V3 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + have/has + V3 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + have/has + not + V3 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + have/has + V3 + ObjI have eaten my breakfast. · She has eaten her breakfast.
Negative StatementSub + have/has + not + V3 + ObjI have not eaten my breakfast. · She has not eaten her breakfast.
Positive QuestionHave/Has + Sub + V3 + Obj?Have I eaten my breakfast? · Has she eaten her breakfast?
Negative QuestionHaven't/Hasn't + Sub + V3 + Obj?Haven't I eaten my breakfast? · Hasn't she eaten her breakfast?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + have/has + Sub + V3 + Obj?When have I eaten my breakfast? · When has she eaten her breakfast?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + haven't/hasn't + Sub + V3 + Obj?When haven't I eaten my breakfast? · When hasn't she eaten her breakfast?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: I have eaten my breakfast. ನಾನು ನನ್ನ ಉಪಹಾರ ತಿಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
  • +ve: She has eaten her breakfast. ಅವಳು ತನ್ನ ಉಪಹಾರ ತಿಂದಿದ್ದಾಳೆ.
  • −ve: I have not eaten my breakfast. ನಾನು ನನ್ನ ಉಪಹಾರ ತಿನ್ನಲಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: She has not eaten her breakfast. ಅವಳು ತನ್ನ ಉಪಹಾರ ತಿನ್ನಲಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Have I eaten my breakfast? → Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
  • +ve?: Has she eaten her breakfast? → Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
  • −ve?: Haven't I eaten my breakfast? → No, I haven't eaten my breakfast.
  • −ve?: Hasn't she eaten her breakfast? → No, she hasn't eaten her breakfast.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: When have I eaten my breakfast?
  • +ve?: When has she eaten her breakfast?
  • −ve?: When haven't I eaten my breakfast?
  • −ve?: When hasn't she eaten her breakfast?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ದ್ದೇನೆನಾನು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
We−ದ್ದೇವೆನಾವು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದೇವೆ.
You (sing.)−ದ್ದೀಯನೀನು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದೀಯ.
You (pl.)−ದ್ದೀರಿನೀವು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದೀರಿ.
He−ದ್ದಾನೆಅವನು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾನೆ.
She−ದ್ದಾಳೆಅವಳು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾಳೆ.
It−ದೆಅದು ಬರೆದಿದೆ.
They (m/f)−ದ್ದಾರೆಅವರು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
They (n)−ದ್ದಾವೆ / −ಇವೆಅವುಗಳು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾವೆ.
Question tags: I have eaten my breakfast, haven't I? · She hasn't eaten her breakfast, has she? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ನಾನು ಉಪಹಾರ ತಿಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆ, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ಅವಳು ಉಪಹಾರ ತಿನ್ನಲಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 10

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

ಪೂರ್ಣ-ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ವರ್ತಮಾನ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + have/has + been + V5 + O   |   −ve: S + have/has + not + been + V5 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + have/has + been + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + have/has + not + been + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + have/has + been + V5 + ObjWe have been doing this work. · Ravi has been doing this work.
Negative StatementSub + have/has + not + been + V5 + ObjWe have not been doing this work. · Ravi has not been doing this work.
Positive QuestionHave/Has + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?Have we been doing this work? · Has Ravi been doing this work?
Negative QuestionHaven't/Hasn't + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?Haven't we been doing this work? · Hasn't Ravi been doing this work?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + have/has + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?How have we been doing this work? · How has Ravi been doing this work?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + haven't/hasn't + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?How haven't we been doing this work? · How hasn't Ravi been doing this work?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: We have been doing this work. ನಾವು ಈ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದೇವೆ.
  • +ve: Ravi has been doing this work. ರವಿ ಈ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದಾನೆ.
  • −ve: We have not been doing this work. ನಾವು ಈ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಇಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: Ravi has not been doing this work. ರವಿ ಈ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಇಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Have we been doing this work? → Yes, we have been. / No, we haven't been.
  • +ve?: Has Ravi been doing this work? → Yes, Ravi has been. / No, Ravi hasn't been.
  • −ve?: Haven't we been doing this work? → No, we haven't been doing this work.
  • −ve?: Hasn't Ravi been doing this work? → No, Ravi hasn't been doing this work.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: How have we been doing this work?
  • +ve?: How has Ravi been doing this work?
  • −ve?: How haven't we been doing this work?
  • −ve?: How hasn't Ravi been doing this work?
Part 3 · Past Tenses
Lesson 11

Past Simple Tense

ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಭೂತ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + V2 + O   |   −ve: S + did + not + V1 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + V2 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + did + not + V1 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + V2 + ObjThey went to Bangalore. · She went to Bangalore.
Negative StatementSub + did + not + V1 + ObjThey did not go to Bangalore. · She did not go to Bangalore.
Positive QuestionDid + Sub + V1 + Obj?Did they go to Bangalore? · Did she go to Bangalore?
Negative QuestionDidn't + Sub + V1 + Obj?Didn't they go to Bangalore? · Didn't she go to Bangalore?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + did + Sub + V1 + Obj?When did they go to Bangalore? · When did she go to Bangalore?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + didn't + Sub + V1 + Obj?When didn't they go to Bangalore? · When didn't she go to Bangalore?
In the negative and question forms, V2 changes back to V1 because did already carries the past tense. ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಶ್ನಾ ರೂಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ V2 ಮತ್ತೆ V1 ಆಗುತ್ತದೆ — ಏಕೆಂದರೆ "did" ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಭೂತಕಾಲವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: They went to Bangalore. ಅವರು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋದರು.
  • +ve: She went to Bangalore. ಅವಳು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋದಳು.
  • −ve: They did not go to Bangalore. ಅವರು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: She did not go to Bangalore. ಅವಳು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Did they go to Bangalore? → Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
  • +ve?: Did she go to Bangalore? → Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
  • −ve?: Didn't they go to Bangalore? → No, they didn't go to Bangalore.
  • −ve?: Didn't she go to Bangalore? → No, she didn't go to Bangalore.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: When did they go to Bangalore?
  • +ve?: When did she go to Bangalore?
  • −ve?: When didn't they go to Bangalore?
  • −ve?: When didn't she go to Bangalore?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ದೆನಾನು ಬರೆದೆ.
We−ದೆವುನಾವು ಬರೆದೆವು.
You (sing.)−ದಿನೀನು ಬರೆದಿ.
You (pl.)−ದಿರಿನೀವು ಬರೆದಿರಿ.
He−ದನುಅವನು ಬರೆದನು.
She−ದಳುಅವಳು ಬರೆದಳು.
It−ದಿತು / −ಇತ್ತುಅದು ಬರೆಯಿತು.
They (m/f)−ದರುಅವರು ಬರೆದರು.
They (n)−ದವುಅವುಗಳು ಬರೆದವು.
Question tags: They went to Bangalore, didn't they? · She did not go to Bangalore, did she? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ಅವರು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋದರು, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ಅವಳು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 12

Past Continuous Tense

ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭೂತ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + was/were + V5 + O   |   −ve: S + was/were + not + V5 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + was/were + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + was/were + not + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + was/were + V5 + ObjHe was sleeping on the bed. · You were sleeping on the bed.
Negative StatementSub + was/were + not + V5 + ObjHe was not sleeping on the bed. · You were not sleeping on the bed.
Positive QuestionWas/Were + Sub + V5 + Obj?Was he sleeping on the bed? · Were you sleeping on the bed?
Negative QuestionWasn't/Weren't + Sub + V5 + Obj?Wasn't he sleeping on the bed? · Weren't you sleeping on the bed?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + was/were + Sub + V5 + Obj?How long was he sleeping on the bed? · How long were you sleeping on the bed?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + wasn't/weren't + Sub + V5 + Obj?How long wasn't he sleeping on the bed? · How long weren't you sleeping on the bed?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: He was sleeping on the bed. ಅವನು ಹಾಸಿಗೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಲಗುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದನು.
  • +ve: You were sleeping on the bed. ನೀನು ಹಾಸಿಗೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಲಗುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದೆ.
  • −ve: He was not sleeping on the bed. ಅವನು ಹಾಸಿಗೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಲಗುತ್ತಾ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: You were not sleeping on the bed. ನೀನು ಹಾಸಿಗೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಲಗುತ್ತಾ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Was he sleeping on the bed? → Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
  • +ve?: Were you sleeping on the bed? → Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
  • −ve?: Wasn't he sleeping on the bed? → No, he wasn't sleeping on the bed.
  • −ve?: Weren't you sleeping on the bed? → No, you weren't sleeping on the bed.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: How long was he sleeping on the bed?
  • +ve?: How long were you sleeping on the bed?
  • −ve?: How long wasn't he sleeping on the bed?
  • −ve?: How long weren't you sleeping on the bed?
Question tags: He was sleeping on the bed, wasn't he? · You were not sleeping on the bed, were you? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ಅವನು ಹಾಸಿಗೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಲಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದನು, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ನೀನು ಹಾಸಿಗೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಲಗುತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 13

Past Perfect Tense

ಪೂರ್ಣ ಭೂತ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + had + V3 + O   |   −ve: S + had + not + V3 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + had + V3 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + had + not + V3 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + had + V3 + ObjWe had completed our work. · Ravi had completed his work.
Negative StatementSub + had + not + V3 + ObjWe had not completed our work. · Ravi had not completed his work.
Positive QuestionHad + Sub + V3 + Obj?Had we completed our work? · Had Ravi completed his work?
Negative QuestionHadn't + Sub + V3 + Obj?Hadn't we completed our work? · Hadn't Ravi completed his work?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + had + Sub + V3 + Obj?How had we completed our work? · How had Ravi completed his work?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + hadn't + Sub + V3 + Obj?How hadn't we completed our work? · How hadn't Ravi completed his work?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: We had completed our work. ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿದ್ದೆವು.
  • +ve: Ravi had completed his work. ರವಿ ತನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿದ್ದನು.
  • −ve: We had not completed our work. ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: Ravi had not completed his work. ರವಿ ತನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Had we completed our work? → Yes, we had. / No, we hadn't.
  • +ve?: Had Ravi completed his work? → Yes, Ravi had. / No, Ravi hadn't.
  • −ve?: Hadn't we completed our work? → No, we hadn't completed our work.
  • −ve?: Hadn't Ravi completed his work? → No, Ravi hadn't completed his work.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: How had we completed our work?
  • +ve?: How had Ravi completed his work?
  • −ve?: How hadn't we completed our work?
  • −ve?: How hadn't Ravi completed his work?
Question tags: We had completed our work, hadn't we? · Ravi had not completed his work, had he? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸ ಮುಗಿಸಿದ್ದೆವು, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ರವಿ ತನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸ ಮುಗಿಸಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 14

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

ಪೂರ್ಣ-ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭೂತ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + had + been + V5 + O   |   −ve: S + had + not + been + V5 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + had + been + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + had + not + been + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + had + been + V5 + ObjThey had been waiting for bus. · She had been waiting for bus.
Negative StatementSub + had + not + been + V5 + ObjThey had not been waiting for bus. · She had not been waiting for bus.
Positive QuestionHad + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?Had they been waiting for bus? · Had she been waiting for bus?
Negative QuestionHadn't + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?Hadn't they been waiting for bus? · Hadn't she been waiting for bus?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + had + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?Where had they been waiting for bus? · Where had she been waiting for bus?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + hadn't + Sub + been + V5 + Obj?Where hadn't they been waiting for bus? · Where hadn't she been waiting for bus?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: They had been waiting for bus. ಅವರು ಬಸ್ಸಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದರು.
  • +ve: She had been waiting for bus. ಅವಳು ಬಸ್ಸಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದಳು.
  • −ve: They had not been waiting for bus. ಅವರು ಬಸ್ಸಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: She had not been waiting for bus. ಅವಳು ಬಸ್ಸಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Had they been waiting for bus? → Yes, they had been. / No, they hadn't been.
  • +ve?: Had she been waiting for bus? → Yes, she had been. / No, she hadn't been.
  • −ve?: Hadn't they been waiting for bus? → No, they hadn't been waiting for bus.
  • −ve?: Hadn't she been waiting for bus? → No, she hadn't been waiting for bus.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: Where had they been waiting for bus?
  • +ve?: Where had she been waiting for bus?
  • −ve?: Where hadn't they been waiting for bus?
  • −ve?: Where hadn't she been waiting for bus?
Question tags: They had been waiting for bus, hadn't they? · She had not been waiting for bus, had she? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ಅವರು ಬಸ್ಸಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ಅವಳು ಬಸ್ಸಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Part 4 · Future Tenses
Lesson 15

Future Simple Tense

ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + shall/will + V1 + O   |   −ve: S + shall/will + not + V1 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + V1 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + not + V1 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + shall/will + V1 + ObjI shall pay the bill. · She will pay the bill.
Negative StatementSub + shall/will + not + V1 + ObjI shall not pay the bill. · She will not pay the bill.
Positive QuestionShall/Will + Sub + V1 + Obj?Shall I pay the bill? · Will she pay the bill?
Negative QuestionShall/Will + Sub + not + V1 + Obj?Shall I not pay the bill? · Will she not pay the bill?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + V1 + Obj?When shall I pay the bill? · When will she pay the bill?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + not + V1 + Obj?When shall I not pay the bill? · When will she not pay the bill?
Shall is used with I, We. Will is used with You, He, She, It, They. Shall ಅನ್ನು I, We ಜೊತೆಗೆ · Will ಅನ್ನು You, He, She, It, They ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: I shall pay the bill. ನಾನು ಬಿಲ್ ಕೊಡುವೆನು.
  • +ve: She will pay the bill. ಅವಳು ಬಿಲ್ ಕೊಡುವಳು.
  • −ve: I shall not pay the bill. ನಾನು ಬಿಲ್ ಕೊಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: She will not pay the bill. ಅವಳು ಬಿಲ್ ಕೊಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Shall I pay the bill? → Yes, I shall. / No, I shall not.
  • +ve?: Will she pay the bill? → Yes, she will. / No, she won't.
  • −ve?: Shall I not pay the bill? → No, I shall not pay the bill.
  • −ve?: Will she not pay the bill? → No, she won't pay the bill.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: When shall I pay the bill?
  • +ve?: When will she pay the bill?
  • −ve?: When shall I not pay the bill?
  • −ve?: When will she not pay the bill?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ವೆನುನಾನು ಬರೆಯುವೆನು.
We−ವೆವುನಾವು ಬರೆಯುವೆವು.
You (sing.)−ಯುವಿ / −ವಿನೀನು ಬರೆಯುವಿ.
You (pl.)−ವಿರಿನೀವು ಬರೆಯುವಿರಿ.
He−ವನುಅವನು ಬರೆಯುವನು.
She−ವಳುಅವಳು ಬರೆಯುವಳು.
It−ವದುಅದು ಬರೆಯುವುದು.
They (m/f)−ವರುಅವರು ಬರೆಯುವರು.
They (n)−ವವುಅವುಗಳು ಬರೆಯುವವು.
Question tags: I shall pay the bill, shall I not? · She will not pay the bill, will she? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ನಾನು ಬಿಲ್ ಕೊಡುವೆನು, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ಅವಳು ಬಿಲ್ ಕೊಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 16

Future Continuous Tense

ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + shall/will + be + V5 + O   |   −ve: S + shall/will + not + be + V5 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + be + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + not + be + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + shall/will + be + V5 + ObjI will be travelling to Mysore. · Ravi will be travelling to Mysore.
Negative StatementSub + shall/will + not + be + V5 + ObjI will not be travelling to Mysore. · Ravi will not be travelling to Mysore.
Positive QuestionShall/Will + Sub + be + V5 + Obj?Will I be travelling to Mysore? · Will Ravi be travelling to Mysore?
Negative QuestionShall/Will + Sub + not be + V5 + Obj?Will I not be travelling to Mysore? · Will Ravi not be travelling to Mysore?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + be + V5 + Obj?How will I be travelling to Mysore? · How will Ravi be travelling to Mysore?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + not be + V5 + Obj?Why will I not be travelling to Mysore? · Why will Ravi not be travelling to Mysore?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: I will be travelling to Mysore. ನಾನು ಮೈಸೂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವೆನು.
  • +ve: Ravi will be travelling to Mysore. ರವಿ ಮೈಸೂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವನು.
  • −ve: I will not be travelling to Mysore. ನಾನು ಮೈಸೂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: Ravi will not be travelling to Mysore. ರವಿ ಮೈಸೂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Will I be travelling to Mysore? → Yes, I will be. / No, I won't be.
  • +ve?: Will Ravi be travelling to Mysore? → Yes, Ravi will be. / No, Ravi won't be.
  • −ve?: Will I not be travelling to Mysore? → No, I won't be travelling to Mysore.
  • −ve?: Will Ravi not be travelling to Mysore? → No, Ravi won't be travelling to Mysore.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: How will I be travelling to Mysore?
  • +ve?: How will Ravi be travelling to Mysore?
  • −ve?: Why will I not be travelling to Mysore?
  • −ve?: Why will Ravi not be travelling to Mysore?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ತಿರುಪೆನುನಾನು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುಪೆನು.
We−ತಿರುಪೆವುನಾವು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುಪೆವು.
You (sing.)−ತಿರುಪಿನೀನು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುಪಿ.
You (pl.)−ತಿರುಪಿರಿನೀವು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುಪಿರಿ.
He−ತಿರುವನುಅವನು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುವನು.
She−ತಿರುವಳುಅವಳು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುವಳು.
It−ತಿರುವದುಅದು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುವದು.
They (m/f)−ತಿರುವರುಅವರು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುವರು.
They (n)−ತಿರುವವುಅವುಗಳು ಬರುತ್ತಿರುವವು.
Question tags: I will be travelling to Mysore, won't I? · Ravi will not be travelling to Mysore, will he? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ನಾನು ಮೈಸೂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುತ್ತಿರುತ್ತೇನೆ, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ರವಿ ಮೈಸೂರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 17

Future Perfect Tense

ಪೂರ್ಣ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + shall/will + have + V3 + O   |   −ve: S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + have + V3 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + not + have + V3 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + shall/will + have + V3 + ObjWe will have finished our work. · She will have finished her work.
Negative StatementSub + shall/will + not + have + V3 + ObjWe will not have finished our work. · She will not have finished her work.
Positive QuestionShall/Will + Sub + have + V3 + Obj?Will we have finished our work? · Will she have finished her work?
Negative QuestionShall/Will + Sub + not have + V3 + Obj?Will we not have finished our work? · Will she not have finished her work?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + have + V3 + Obj?How will we have finished our work? · How will she have finished her work?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + not have + V3 + Obj?How will we not have finished our work? · How will she not have finished her work?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: We will have finished our work. ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿರುವೆವು.
  • +ve: She will have finished her work. ಅವಳು ತನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿರುವಳು.
  • −ve: We will not have finished our work. ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: She will not have finished her work. ಅವಳು ತನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Will we have finished our work? → Yes, we will have. / No, we won't have.
  • +ve?: Will she have finished her work? → Yes, she will have. / No, she won't have.
  • −ve?: Will we not have finished our work? → No, we won't have finished our work.
  • −ve?: Will she not have finished her work? → No, she won't have finished her work.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: How will we have finished our work?
  • +ve?: How will she have finished her work?
  • −ve?: How will we not have finished our work?
  • −ve?: How will she not have finished her work?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ಇರುವೆನುನಾನು ಬರೆದಿರುವೆನು.
We−ಇರುವೆವುನಾವು ಬರೆದಿರುವೆವು.
You (sing.)−ಇರುವಿನೀನು ಬರೆದಿರುವಿ.
You (pl.)−ಇರುವಿರಿನೀವು ಬರೆದಿರುವಿರಿ.
He−ಇರುವನುಅವನು ಬರೆದಿರುವನು.
She−ಇರುವಳುಅವಳು ಬರೆದಿರುವಳು.
It−ಇರುವದುಅದು ಬರೆದಿರುವದು.
They (m/f)−ಇರುವರುಅವರು ಬರೆದಿರುವರು.
They (n)−ಇರುವವುಅವುಗಳು ಬರೆದಿರುವವು.
Question tags: We will have finished our work, won't we? · She will not have finished her work, will she? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸ ಮುಗಿಸಿರುತ್ತೇವೆ, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ಅವಳು ತನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸ ಮುಗಿಸಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Lesson 18

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

ಪೂರ್ಣ-ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ ಕಾಲ
+ve: S + shall/will + have been + V5 + O   |   −ve: S + shall/will + not + have been + V5 + O ಧನಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + have been + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ · ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕ: ಕರ್ತೃ + shall/will + not + have been + V5 + ಕರ್ಮ
FormStructureExample
Positive StatementSub + shall/will + have been + V5 + ObjI will have been learning English. · He will have been learning English.
Negative StatementSub + shall/will + not + have been + V5 + ObjI will not have been learning English. · He will not have been learning English.
Positive QuestionShall/Will + Sub + have been + V5 + Obj?Will I have been learning English? · Will he have been learning English?
Negative QuestionShall/Will + Sub + not have been + V5 + Obj?Will I not have been learning English? · Will he not have been learning English?
Wh-Question (+ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + have been + V5 + Obj?Where will I have been learning English? · Where will he have been learning English?
Wh-Question (−ve)Wh + shall/will + Sub + not have been + V5 + Obj?Where will I not have been learning English? · Where will he not have been learning English?

Example Sentences

A) Positive & Negative Statements:
  • +ve: I will have been learning English. ನಾನು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವೆನು.
  • +ve: He will have been learning English. ಅವನು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವನು.
  • −ve: I will not have been learning English. ನಾನು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
  • −ve: He will not have been learning English. ಅವನು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
B) Yes / No Questions:
  • +ve?: Will I have been learning English? → Yes, I will have been. / No, I won't have been.
  • +ve?: Will he have been learning English? → Yes, he will have been. / No, he won't have been.
  • −ve?: Will I not have been learning English? → No, I won't have been learning English.
  • −ve?: Will he not have been learning English? → No, he won't have been learning English.
C) Wh-Questions:
  • +ve?: Where will I have been learning English?
  • +ve?: Where will he have been learning English?
  • −ve?: Where will I not have been learning English?
  • −ve?: Where will he not have been learning English?

Kannada Verb Endings — ಕ್ರಿಯಾ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯಗಳು

PronounEndingExample
I−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುನಾನು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವೆನು.
We−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುವುನಾವು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವೆವು.
You (sing.)−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸಿನೀನು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವಿ.
You (pl.)−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸಿರಿನೀವು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವಿರಿ.
He−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುಅವನು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವನು.
She−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುಅವಳು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವಳು.
It−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುಅದು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವದು.
They (m/f)−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುಅವರು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವರು.
They (n)−ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸುವುಅವುಗಳು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇರುವವು.
Question tags: I will have been learning English, won't I? · He will not have been learning English, will he? ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‌ಗಳು: ನಾನು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಿರುತ್ತೇನೆ, ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? · ಅವನು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ, ಹೌದೇ?
Summary

All 12 Tenses — Master Chart

ಎಲ್ಲಾ 12 ಕಾಲಗಳು — ಸಮಗ್ರ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ
Tense Positive Negative Question
Present Simple S + V1/V4 + O S + do/does + not + V1 + O Do/Does + S + V1 + O?
Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V5 + O S + am/is/are + not + V5 + O Am/Is/Are + S + V5 + O?
Present Perfect S + have/has + V3 + O S + have/has + not + V3 + O Have/Has + S + V3 + O?
Present Perfect Continuous S + have/has + been + V5 + O S + have/has + not + been + V5 + O Have/Has + S + been + V5 + O?
Past Simple S + V2 + O S + did + not + V1 + O Did + S + V1 + O?
Past Continuous S + was/were + V5 + O S + was/were + not + V5 + O Was/Were + S + V5 + O?
Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O S + had + not + V3 + O Had + S + V3 + O?
Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V5 + O S + had + not + been + V5 + O Had + S + been + V5 + O?
Future Simple S + shall/will + V1 + O S + shall/will + not + V1 + O Shall/Will + S + V1 + O?
Future Continuous S + shall/will + be + V5 + O S + shall/will + not + be + V5 + O Shall/Will + S + be + V5 + O?
Future Perfect S + shall/will + have + V3 + O S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O Shall/Will + S + have + V3 + O?
Future Perfect Continuous S + shall/will + have been + V5 + O S + shall/will + not + have been + V5 + O Shall/Will + S + have been + V5 + O?
Practice tip: Write each formula 3 times, understand it, and remember it perfectly. These 12 tense formulas are the foundation of all English grammar and communication. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಸೂತ್ರವನ್ನೂ 3 ಬಾರಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ, ಅರ್ಥ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ, ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ನೆನಪಿಡಿ. ಈ 12 ಕಾಲ ಸೂತ್ರಗಳು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂವಹನದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯ.
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಪೇಜ್ ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆ

ರಚನೆ: ಮನೋಹರ್ ಆರ್‌ ಕೆ.ಜಿ.ಎಫ್
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